Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
California State University San Bernardino; Department of
Biology
BIOLOGY 524 – Fall 2013
ADVANCED VERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY
Lecture: BI-204, Wednesday 9:00-10:50 A.M.
Laboratory: BI-204, Friday 9:00-11:50 P.M.
ENROLLMENT: STUDENTS MUST BE ENROLLED IN THE COURSE TO PARTICIPATE IN LECTURES, CLASS EXERCISES, AND LABORATORIES. ENROLLMENT IN BIOLOGY 524 CONSTITUTES LEGAL ACCEPTANCE OF ALL THE GUIDELINES LISTED BELOW. PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY.
ALL STUDENTS ENROLLED IN BIOLOGY 524 MUST ALSO ENROLL IN BIOLOGY 491, SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOLOGY, FOR THE ADDITIONAL COMPLETE UNIT CREDIT.
COURSE PREREQISITES: Biology
200,201,202, 300, 342, 424
COURSE GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES: Biology 524, “Advanced
Vertebrate Morphology” is an extension of Biology 342, with special topic
coverage. In Winter 2013, that special
topic coverage will be a detailed overview of the evolution of the vertebrate
skeleton. By the end of the course, all students should be intimately familiar
with all skeletal elements of the skull, axial skeleton, and appendicular
skeleton from fish to mammals.
RECOMMENDED TEXT:
Kardong, Kenneth. 2012. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution; 6th Edition McGraw-Hill Publishing. (Any student requiring review of materials covered in BIOLGY 342 should consult this text. Copies will be on reserve in Pfau Library.)
REQUIRED READING:
Readings from the primary literature focused on the structure and evolution of each region of the vertebrate skeleton will be available from the course website as PDFs. Students will be expected to read them to the best of their abilities and later integrate them with their course notes for examinations.
Grading Procedures and criteria: 750 total points aer available. There will be one midterm (200 pts), one final (250 points), and a laboratory based course project (250 points) for each student. 50 points will be assigned based on student progress on the laboratory project. The course is not graded on a curve. Letter grades are not assigned for individual exams or quizzes; rather they are based on the cumulative points. Grades will be assigned according to the criteria listed below.
|
Grade |
Percentage of Total
Points |
|
|
|||
|
A |
88-100 |
B- |
71-74 |
D |
50-54 |
|
|
A- |
85-87 |
C+ |
67-70 |
F |
Below 50 |
|
|
B+ |
82-85 |
C |
60-66 |
|
|
|
|
B |
75-81 |
C- |
55-59 |
|
|
|
LECTURE SCHEDULE and READING ASSIGNMENTS
Week
|
Date
|
Topic(s) |
Readings (Full
references below) |
|
1 |
1/9 |
Course Mechanics and
Introduction; Introduction to the Study of the Vertebrate Skeleton |
|
|
|
1/11 |
Laboratory
project assignments. |
|
|
2 |
1/16 |
Skull: Dermal Roof |
Daeschler et al., 2006; Ahlberg,
2008; Berman et al, 1992 |
|
|
1/18 |
Project Sketch Plans Due |
|
|
3 |
1/23 |
Skull: Braincase and Palate |
Daeschler et al., 2006; Hopson and Rougier, 1993 |
|
|
1/25 |
Skeletal Project Activity |
|
|
4 |
1/30 |
Skull/Splanchnocranium: Jaws and Hypobranchial Apparatus |
Coats
and Clack, 1991; Bolt and Lombard, 2001; Crompton and Parker, 1978; Sidor, 2003. |
|
|
2/1 |
Skeletal Project Activity |
|
|
5 |
2/6 |
Vertebral Column |
Rockwell
et al., 1938; Coates, 1996; Sumida et al., 1992; Sumida 1997; |
|
|
2/8 |
Mid-quarter
Project Progress Reports |
|
|
6 |
2/13 |
Pectoral
Girdle and Humerus Midterm
Examination due no later than 9:00 a.m. |
Coates
et al., 2002; Shubin et al, 2007; Sumida, 1997;
Sumida and Modesto, 2001; Polly, 2007; Gatesy and
Middleton, 2007 |
|
|
2/15 |
Open
lab |
|
|
7 |
2/20 |
No
lecture. Dr. Sumida away at a
conference. |
|
|
|
2/22 |
Skeletal Project Activity |
|
|
8 |
2/27 |
Skeletal Project Activity |
|
|
|
3/1 |
Pelvic
Girdle and Femur |
Sumida,
1997; Sumida and Modesto, 2001; Polly 2007 |
|
9 |
3/6 |
Antebrachium and Manus |
Coates
et al., 1992; Sumida, 1997; Sumida and Modesto, 2001; Polly, 2007; Gatesy and Middleton, 2007 |
|
|
3/8 |
Skeletal Project Activity |
|
|
10 |
3/13 |
Crus and Pes |
Sumida,
1997; Sumida and Modesto, 2001, Polly 2007 |
|
|
3/15 |
Laboratory
project assignments due. Class review of projects. |
|
|
|
3/22 |
Final Examination Due; no
later than 12:00. |
|
LITERATURE / READINGS
Ahlberg P. E., J. A. Clack, E. Lukševič,
H. Blom, and I.Zupinš. 2008. ̧Ventastega curonica and
the origin of tetrapod morphology. Nature 453:1199-1204.
Berman, D. S, S. S. Sumida, and R. E. Lombard. 1992. Reinterpretation of the sutural patterns in Diadectes and the interrelationships of the Diadectomorpha. Journal of Paleontology, 66:481-499.
Bolt, J. R., and R. E. Lombard. 2001.
The mandible of the primitive tetrapod Greererpeton and
the early evolution of the tetrapod lower jaw.
Journal of Paleontology,
75:1016-1042.
Coates,
M. 1996.
The
Devonian tetrapod Acanthostega
gunnari Jarvik: postcranial
anatomy, basal tetrapod interrelationships and patterns of skeletal
evolution. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences,
87:363-421
Coates, M., J. E.
Jeffrey, and M. Ruta.
2002. Fins to limbs: what the
fossils say. Evolution and Development, 4-5:390-401.
Crompton, A. W.,
and P. Parker. 1978.
Evolution of the mammalian masticatory
apparatus. American Scientist, 66:192-202.
Daeschler, E. B., N. H. Shubin, and F. A. Jenkins. 2006. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the
evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature, 440:757-763.
Gatesy, S., and K. M. Middleton. 2007. Skeletal adaptations for flight. Chapter 16, pp.
269-282, in Fins into Limbs: Evolution, Development, and Transformation,
Brian K Hall (ed.). University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Hopson, J. A., and G. W. Rougier. 1993. Braincase structure in the oldest known skull of a therian mammal: implications for mammalian systematic and cranial evolution. American Journal of Science, 293:268-299.
Hutchinson, J. R., and V. Allen. 2009. The evolutionary continuum of limb function from earlytheropods to birds. Naturwissschaften, 96:423-488
Polly, P. D. 2007. Limbs in mammalian evolution. Chapter 15, pp. 245-268, in Fins
into Limbs: Evolution, Development, and Transformation, Brian K Hall (ed.).
University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Rockwell, H., F. G. Evans, and H. C.
Pheasant. 1938. The comparative
morphology of the vertebrate spinal column. Its form as
related to function. Journal of Morphology, 63:87-117.
Shubin,
N. H., E. B. Daeschler, and M. I. Coates. 2007.
The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science, 304:90-93.
Sidor,
C. 2003.
Evolutionary trends in the mammalian lower jaw. Paleobiology, 29:605-640.
Sumida, S. S. 1997. Locomotor features of taxa spanning the amphibian to amniote transition. Pages 353-398 in: Sumida, S. S. and K. L. M. Martin (eds.), Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land. Academic Press, San Diego and New York, 510 pages.
Sumida, S. S., R. E. Lombard, and D. S Berman. 1992. Morphology of the atlas-axis complex of the Late Paleozoic tetrapod suborders Diadectomorpha and Seymouriamorpha. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 336:259-273.
Sumida, S. S. and S. P. Modesto. 2001. A phylogenetic perspective on locomotory strategies in early amniotes. American Zoologist, 41:586-597.
LABORATORY ACTIVITIES: All students will participate in the construction of a complete articulated skeleton. If the particular skeletal project has not already been decided upon prior to the beginning of the course, the project assignment will be made during the first laboratory meeting. Basic hardware for articulation projects will be available in the laboratory meeting room each lab period. Students will be responsible for obtaining a wooden or metal base for the final skeletal mount. Programs for computer based projects will be resident on at least one computer in Dr. Sumida’s research laboratory.
Policy
on Recording of Lectures: All lectures are the
copyrighted property of the instructor. Audio recordings (analog, MP3, or
otherwise) of lectures may be made for individual use only. They may not be
sold, reproduced, posted to the internet, or redistributed in any way. Although
recorder devices may be used as a study aid, they may not be used in lieu of
attendance. Attendance is expected of all students. No videotaping is allowed
in the lecture or laboratory theaters.
Laboratory
Equipment and Procedures: White lab coats are not
required for dissection labs. However, some kind of protection is recommended
if you are to wear good clothing to the laboratory. The more practical
alternative is to wear tough or inexpensive clothing that will stand up to
frequent washing in hot water. In accordance with State and University
regulations, the use of eye protection is recommended for sessions in which
fumes or liquids might be encountered. Eye protection is recommended but not
required for entrance to the laboratory.
Animal skeletal materials will be used and in some cases dissected in the
Biology 524 course. Objections to the use of preserved animal materials will
not excuse students from laboratory requirements.
Office
Hours: Dr. Sumida’s office hours will be held on Tuesdays 12-2 in
room BI-314 or the class laboratory. Additional hours will be added once
students’ schedules are evaluated. Students wishing extra time in the
laboratory may use these and the remaining hours between lecture and laboratory
periods for review if the laboratory is unoccupied by other classes.
Additionally, e-mail is checked by the instructor daily. Dr. Sumida's e-mail
address is: ssumida@csusb.edu.
SERVICES TO STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: If you are in need of an accommodation for a disability in
order to participate in this class, please let the professor know as soon as
possible, and also contact Services to Students with Disabilities at UH-183,
(909) 537-5238. Please note: it
is the student's responsibility to seek academic accommodations for a
verified disability in a timely manner.
LEGAL ISSUES FOR ALL
COURSES: Cheating and plagiarism are
not tolerated. Students caught using
unauthorized materials, or attempting to use/copy other students’ work, on
exams or quizzes will be give a zero (0 points) grade for that exam or quiz and
course failure will be considered.
Please see the “Academic Regulations and Procedures" in the CSUSB
Bulletin of Courses for the university’s policies on course withdrawal,
cheating, and plagiarism.
On-Line
Presence for Biology 524: Biology 524
course materials will not be present on Blackboard. All course materials, lecture outlines, and
abbreviated versions of power point presentations may be accessed at the
instructor’s website: www.stuartsumida.com. Questions are accepted and encouraged via
e-mail. To assure proper attention to
the message, please refer to Biology 524 in the subject line. Dr. Sumida's e-mail address is: ssumida@csusb.edu.
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